The most common satellite phones in the market are the ones using the mobile satellite networks like Iridium, Inmarsat, SkyTerra/MSV/MSAT. These telephones operate like any other common mobile or fixed telephone; they can receive calls from or make calls to any telephone in the world, as long as you are within the coverage area of the satellite.
Depending on the model of the equipment and the service chosen, the satellite phones can also: